With the outbreak of World War II, Filipino artists depicted scenes that expressed conflict and suffering during this era. Works in this gallery portray the Imperial Japanese Occupation from 1941-1945, the Liberation of the Philippines by American and Filipino forces, and the destruction of Manila.

The Silvina and Juan C. Laya Hall in the National Museum of Fine Arts in the Philippines is a gallery named after Filipino composer Juan C. Laya and his wife Silvina. The gallery showcases a collection of Philippine art from the 19th and 20th centuries, including paintings, sculptures, and other art objects. It features the works of prominent Filipino artists, such as Fernando Amorsolo, Carlos "Botong" Francisco, and Victorio Edades. Visitors can explore the collection to gain a deeper understanding and appreciation of Philippine art and culture during this period.